Chronic obstructive lung disease: perioperative management.

Inflammatory mediators play a major role in pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations of COPD. In the preoperative risk evaluation, composite scoring systems like ASA physical status are more efficacious than any single risk factor. Intraoperative ventilator graphics help in managing respiratory mechanics and reducing dynamic hyperinflation. Preoperative optimization of respiratory status and use of postoperative lung expansion maneuvers are effective measures for prevention of PPCs. Lastly, anesthesiologists need to evolve strategies based on the pathophysiology of the disease to ensure that their patients receive optimal perioperative care.